Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people 65 and older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD). Original Medicare has two parts: Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance).
If you already receive Social Security or Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) benefits, you will automatically get Part A and Part B beginning on the first day of the month that you turn 65 (if your birthday is the first of the month, Part A and Part B will begin on the first day of the previous month).
If you are under 65 and have a disability, you will automatically get Part A and Part B after receiving Social Security disability benefits or certain disability benefits from the RRB for 24 months.
If you have ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called Lou Gehrig’s disease), you will automatically receive Part A and Part B the month your Social Security disability benefits start. If you are automatically enrolled, you will receive your red, white, and blue Medicare card in the mail 3 months before your 65th birthday or 25 months of disability benefits. If you do nothing, you will keep Part B and will have to pay.
Part B premiums through your Social Security benefits. You can choose not to keep Part B, but if you decide you want Part B later, you may have to wait to sign up and pay a penalty while you have Part B.
If you live in Puerto Rico and receive Social Security or RRB benefits, you will automatically get Part A on the first day of the month you turn 65 or after receiving disability benefits for 24 months. However, if you want Part B, you will need to enroll by completing an “Application for Enrollment on Part B Form” (CMS-40B).
If you are near the age of 65, but do not receive Social Security or Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) benefits, you will need to enroll in Medicare by contacting Social Security 3 months before you turn 65, or you can also apply online. If you worked for a railroad, you will need to contact the RRB. In most cases, if you don’t sign up for Part B when you’re first eligible, you may have a delay in getting Medicare coverage in the future (in some cases, more than a year) and you may have to pay an enrollment penalty as long as you have Part B.
If you have End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and want Medicare, you will need to sign up. Contact Social Security to find out when and how to sign up for Part A and Part B.
If you don’t automatically enroll in premium-free Part A, you can enroll in Part A once your Initial Enrollment Period begins. Your Part A coverage will begin 6 months before the month you apply for Medicare (or Social Security / RRB benefits), but no earlier than the first month you turn 65. However, you can only enroll in Part B (or Part A if you have to buy it) during the times listed below.
You can first enroll in Part A and/or Part B during the 7-month period that begins 3 months before the month you turn 65, includes the month you turn 65, and ends 3 months after the month you turn 65 .
If you enroll in Part A and/or Part B during the first 3 months of your Initial Enrollment Period, in most cases, your coverage begins on the first day of the month of your birthday. However, if your birthday is on the first day of the month, your coverage will begin on the first day of the previous month.
If you enroll in Part A (which you must pay for) and/or Part B the month you turn 65 or during the last 3 months of your Initial Enrollment Period, the start date of your Part B coverage will be will delay.
After the Initial Enrollment Period is over, you may have the opportunity to enroll in Medicare during a Special Enrollment Period. If you didn’t sign up for Part B (or Part A if you have to buy it) when you were first eligible because you’re covered by a group health plan based on current employment (yours, a spouse, or a family member (if you have a disability), you can sign up for Part A and/or Part B:
Generally, you do not pay a late enrollment penalty if you enroll during a Special Enrollment Period. This Special Enrollment Period does not apply to individuals who are eligible for Medicare due to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). It also does not apply if you are still in your Initial Enrollment Period.
If you have a disability and the group health plan coverage is based on the current employment of a family member (other than a spouse), the employer offering the group health plan must have 100 or more employees for you Get a Special Enrollment Period.
COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) coverage, retiree health plans, Veterans Administration (VA) coverage, and individual health coverage (such as through the Health Insurance Marketplace) are not considered employment-based coverage current. You are not eligible for a Special Enrollment Period to enroll in Medicare when that coverage ends. To avoid paying a higher premium, be sure to enroll in Medicare when you are first eligible.
If you didn’t sign up for Part A (if you have to buy it) and/or Part B (for which you have to pay premiums) during your Initial Enrollment Period, and you don’t qualify for a Special Enrollment Period, you can sign up between 1 January and March 31 of each year. Your coverage won’t start until July 1 of that year, and you may have to pay a higher Part A and/or Part B premium for late enrollment.
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